2023 is a difficult year for Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa. Extreme weather is rampant, causing increasingly serious food insecurity, poverty and displacement; Looking back at the history of the slave trade, Africa calls on western countries to shoulder historical responsibilities, advance the just cause and pay compensation to the African people; The security situation in West Africa and the Sahel has deteriorated again, with coups in Niger and Gabon, and the national consciousness of African countries has gradually awakened; The continuous aggressive interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve has increased the already high inflationary pressure in African countries. Of course, even in the face of a series of internal and external shocks, the trend of world multipolarization has not changed, and peace and development remain the theme of the African continent.

　　The year-end special feature "Say No to 2023" of the Central Radio and Television General Station in Africa will sort out the multiple challenges faced by the African continent in 2023 through many in-depth reports, showing that Africa is actively seeking the road of independent development and national rejuvenation through multilateral cooperation, the BRICS mechanism and the green "Belt and Road" construction.

　　French troops stationed in Niger withdrew from French media: the end of France’s ten-year "anti-jihad" campaign

　　On December 22nd, with the last batch of 50 French soldiers flying from the air base in Niamey, the capital of Niger, to France and Chad, the French army’s evacuation from Niger started on October 10th ended, and all 1,500 French troops stationed in Niger were evacuated. At the same time, the French embassy in Niger said that it was forced to close indefinitely because it could not perform all the tasks of diplomatic representatives.

　　Since the regime change in Niger in July this year, the controversy surrounding the French garrison in Niger has come to an end. France’s 24 TV channel said in the report that this move means that "France has been in the Sahel region of West Africa for more than a decade ‘ Anti-jihad ’ The action is over. "

　　Looking back on the past two years, the French army has successively withdrawn from Mali, the Central African Republic and Burkina Faso, and the number of personnel has been reduced from more than 5,400 at the peak to about 1,000 at present. The French military presence in the Sahel region of West Africa is gradually declining.

　　In addition, many former French colonial countries in Africa are carrying out the "de-Frenchization" movement, and France has gradually lost its influence and once respected position in Africa, and the era of "French Africa" is slowly ending.

　　After the coup in Niger, the anti-French wave surged, and the "African gendarmerie" had no choice but to withdraw again.

　　On July 26th, soldiers of Niger Presidential Guard detained President Mohamed Bazoum in the presidential palace in Niamey, the capital. On that night, the coup soldiers announced that they had overthrew the Bazoum regime and taken over state affairs. On the 28th, Chiani, the former captain of Niger’s presidential guard, announced his appointment as the chairman of Niger’s National Committee for Defending the Motherland. On the same day, the Committee issued a statement saying that Chiani, the chairman of the Committee, was the national leader.

　　The reasons for the military coup in Niger are exactly the same as those in Mali and Burkina Faso. They are "the security situation continues to deteriorate and the government’s economic and social governance is weak", and the sword refers to France. Bazoum was detained, and the western media also exclaimed that France was afraid of losing an important ally in the Sahel. After the incident, France refused to recognize the legitimacy of the coup soldiers.

　　On July 30th, France announced the suspension of aid to Nepal. On the same day, Niamey people who supported the coup soldiers stormed the French embassy. They shouted slogans such as "Down with France" in front of the embassy, during which some people set fire to the door and threw stones at the embassy. Two days later, France decided to evacuate overseas Chinese from Niger urgently.

　　On August 3, the military authorities of the coup in Niger announced the abolition of the military cooperation agreement signed with France, demanding that the French garrison withdraw before September 3. The French side responded strongly that the coup authorities in Niger had no right to abolish the agreement. On August 25th, the military government of Niger asked sylvain Yitai, the French ambassador to Nigeria, to leave the country within 48 hours, but France turned a deaf ear and refused to recall the ambassador.

　　At the beginning of September, the deadline for withdrawal approached, and thousands of people in Niger surrounded the French base in Niamey, "Down with France! The call for France to get out is higher and higher, and some people try to break into the military camp. At the same time, the supply of the French embassy in Niger was cut off, the materials were reduced to "wartime quota", and Ambassador sylvain Yitai was taken hostage.

　　Under heavy pressure, on September 5, the French Ministry of National Defense said that it "exchanged views" with the Nigerian military government on the withdrawal of the French army. Previously, it repeatedly reversed its position of not recognizing it. On 24th, French President Macron said that he would recall his ambassador to Niger and end his military presence in the country. "French 24 Hours" news network said that after nearly two months of confrontation with Niger’s military government, Macron finally "caved in".

　　This withdrawal from Niger is the fourth time that France has withdrawn its troops from African countries in two years after withdrawing troops from Mali, Central African Republic and Burkina Faso. Among them, in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, France was ordered to leave for three times, which made France lose face in the Sahel region, and France’s status as an "African gendarmerie" was also unsustainable.

　　France’s anti-terrorism framework has been abandoned, and countries in the Sahel region are determined to maintain security independently.

　　The evacuation of the French army is regarded by the people of Niger as the beginning of a "new era", and the ruling military government of Niger also considers it a major victory, declaring it as a "new step towards Niger’s sovereignty".

　　How will the security situation in the Sahel evolve after the withdrawal of French troops? Some western media have expressed their concern that the "anti-terrorism vacuum" may lead to the further expansion of the activities of the "jihad" armed forces, thus worsening the security situation in the Sahel region and even the Gulf of Guinea as a whole.

　　However, the people in the Sahel countries do not agree with the pessimistic predictions of the western media. They believe that the French army did not significantly improve the security situation during its existence. Niger’s military government expressed its "determination to meet the challenge by consolidating the country’s military and strategic capabilities". Chiani reorganized the national defense system after taking office, and recently established the "Solidarity Fund for Protecting Homes" to raise funds for counter-terrorism by raising funds from the public.

　　On 16 September, Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso signed an agreement announcing the establishment of the "League of Sahel countries". On the one hand, the alliance is to respond to the threat of military intervention that the Economic Community of West African States may launch, and on the other hand, it will coordinate the fight against terrorist activities raging in the border areas of the three countries.

　　This cooperation mechanism is a substitute for the "Sahel Group of Five" established by France in 2014. Due to dissatisfaction with France’s use of this organization to give orders, Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso have all withdrawn from the "Group of Five", resulting in the de facto dissolution of this organization.

　　Whether Niger is determined to build its own defense line against terrorism, whether Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger form an alliance to fight terrorism, or whether Russia provides strong support to the Sahel region, the effectiveness of these measures remains to be seen. The complexity of the security in the Sahel also includes many problems such as economic development and social governance in the region. When analyzing the failure of France’s "Sahel strategy", some French scholars said that France relied too unilaterally on military means and lacked support for the development of various countries.

　　African anti-French sentiment has a long history, and historical and practical factors are intertwined.

　　In recent years, many countries that have suffered coups are former French colonies, and they are also African countries known as French-speaking areas. Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, which have successively expelled the French army, are also among them. These countries have close and special interests with France for many years, and their dissatisfaction with France has a long history. Colonial history and current political security issues are intertwined and gradually accumulate into a powerful anti-French wave.

　　Cruel economic plunder has led to a weak economic foundation and a low level of development in African countries.

　　France’s colonial history in Africa has been more than 100 years, but most French-speaking countries in Africa, especially those in the Sahel, have a worrying development situation and a low level of economic and social development, which is directly related to France’s predatory colonization. French companies obtain local resources and raw materials, and dump goods to make a lot of profits, but they have no intention of promoting local construction and development.

　　In addition, by establishing the CFA franc zone and unifying the currency, the financial and economic lifelines of French-speaking countries were controlled and their dependence on France was deepened. At present, 14 African countries use West African francs or Central African francs, and their currency reserves are deposited in the Central Bank of France. These economic plundering histories are the "original sin" of France in the eyes of African young people, which makes them reject France from national feelings.

　　"Double Standards" on Democratic Issues, Interfering in the Political Situation of French-speaking African Countries at Will

　　On the one hand, France advocates democracy, but at the same time, it makes friends with some ruling families in African countries in exchange for benefits and convenience, and pursues "double standards" on the issue of democracy. Most senior officials and politicians in West African countries have a background of studying in France and being pro-French, which is their political capital supported by France. For the emergence of a political situation that is not conducive to France, France will come forward to exert pressure, restrain and threaten from the political and economic levels, and influence the ruling direction of political elites.

　　If economic and political means fail, France’s large number of troops stationed in many African countries can come in handy. According to incomplete statistics, from 1962 to now, France has carried out at least 25 military interventions in Africa, including Operation Sangbutterfly, which tried to help Central Africa "restore order" in 2013, and Operation Unicorn, which intervened in the civil war in C? te d ‘Ivoire in 2015.

　　For a long time, the powerful control over French-speaking countries in Africa has made the French politicians accustomed to the "paternalistic" style and bossed around the affairs of French-speaking countries in Africa. The condescending arrogance of the French government has aroused widespread resentment in all walks of life in African countries.

　　The anti-French wave swept through and went deep into the field of cultural life, and France had to adjust its role.

　　Nowadays, anti-French sentiment has spread to most French-speaking African countries. From Mali to the Democratic Republic of Congo, from Senegal to Gabon, France’s influence is gradually losing. African leaders and public opinion are expressing their dissatisfaction with France more and more bluntly. The former French colonial countries are increasingly alienated from France politically and militarily, and are also cutting off from France with greater efforts in culture and life.

　　Since July this year, Morocco, Mali and Burkina Faso have successively decided to abolish the official language status of French. These three countries plan to upgrade the local national language to the official language, while Algeria has increased the popularization of English at the university level. In August this year, Abidjan, the economic capital of C? te d ‘Ivoire, decided to delete the place names with traces of French colonization, and the streets named after former French presidents Destin and Mitterrand were also renamed. In addition, in recent years, in the French-speaking areas of West Africa, civil, political and artistic movements criticizing France have become increasingly active, further awakening the national consciousness of the local people.

　　Gnaka Lagok, a professor of history and African studies at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, said, "Some African countries have a feeling that economic and political life is still controlled by France. The reality is that these African countries are seeking ‘ Second independence ’ People want political and economic freedom and France is an obstacle for them to achieve this goal. "

　　In August this year, some center-right members of the French Parliament sent a letter to French President Macron, urging him to reconsider France’s role in Africa when France’s influence weakened, arguing that France should keep a "fair distance" from African countries and Paris should get rid of its outdated Africa policy.

　　Editorial writer Philippe Bernard said in the column of Le Monde in France in February this year that with the expulsion of French soldiers, France must admit that it played an accomplice role in the failure of some French-speaking African countries and regard the withdrawal as a new stage of decolonization. "For France, the goal should not be to beat one’s chest, but to change one’s mentality." The French media also admitted that "it is time to break the paternalism towards Africans and allow these countries to exercise their free will".

　　(Headquarters reporter He Beiping intern reporter Chen Yanhua)

　　Original title: Why is "nuclear smog" a rumor?

　　June 5th is World Environmental Protection Day. At the Beijing Green Communication Conference held a few days ago, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau released the "Top Ten Environmental Protection Rumors" for the first time, among which the second rumor was: "The smog persists because of nuclear pollution", also known as nuclear smog. The core point of an online article entitled "The Collapse of China’s Coal Industry and Nuclear Haze Disaster" is that some thermal power plants in northern China use coal containing radioactive uranium from Inner Mongolia, and uranium is discharged into the air in the form of dust with the coal burning, resulting in nuclear radiation pollution, which is related to the frequent smog phenomenon in North China in recent years. Under the guise of science, the article quotes a lot of false data and false facts, which makes the article very deceptive. For friends who don’t know the truth and lack scientific knowledge, it is easy to be deceived. (Why is "Nuclear Haze" in Focus Interview 20160605 a rumor?)

　　Cctv news(Focus Interview): Today is June 5th, which is World Environmental Protection Day. At the Beijing Green Communication Conference held a few days ago, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau released the "Top Ten Environmental Protection Rumors" for the first time, among which the second rumor was: "The smog persists because of nuclear pollution", also known as nuclear smog. So how did this statement of nuclear smog come from? We put the time back to last winter. After the winter, because of the continuous smog weather, many places in China started the red warning of heavy air pollution for the first time. Just as everyone is asking how the smog is produced, where it comes from and why it is difficult to eliminate it, an online article about "nuclear fog dyeing" has attracted attention.

　　First look at the title of this article: "China’s coal industry collapse and nuclear fog disaster." Nuclear, smog, pollution, disaster, every word is very "lethal". The Ministry of Environmental Protection also specifically clarified that there is no correlation between nuclear radiation and smog formation. So, what is this "nuclear fog dyeing" that has caused many speculations?

　　The core point of this online article entitled "China’s Coal Industry Collapse and Nuclear Haze Disaster" is that some thermal power plants in northern China use coal containing radioactive uranium from Inner Mongolia, and uranium is discharged into the air in the form of dust with coal combustion, which causes nuclear radiation pollution. In recent years, frequent smog phenomena in North China are related to this. At the same time, the article also puts forward in horror that this kind of nuclear radiation pollution will seriously affect the ecology, and the disaster far exceeds the Iraq war that year. As soon as this statement came out, it caused a lot of hot discussions on the Internet.

　　In response to the statement of "nuclear fog pollution", the Ministry of Environmental Protection gave an authoritative conclusion at the beginning of this year: the radioactive level of China’s atmospheric environment has been stable for more than ten years, and no particulate matter with high uranium content has been found. Nuclear radiation has nothing to do with the formation of smog. The conclusion is very clear. So, how did you get this result?

　　According to the Radiation Environmental Monitoring Technology Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, since 2006, according to the population density and geographical conditions, China has established 167 air level monitoring stations in various places. These monitoring stations are distributed in densely populated areas of large and medium-sized cities, and the density of distribution is close to the level of nuclear powers in the world. The news of these monitoring stations will be transmitted to the National Radiation Environmental Monitoring Data Center.

　　Relevant personnel of the Radiation Environmental Technology Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection stressed that since the saying of "nuclear fog dyeing" began in 2014, the monitoring of uranium content in the air has been particularly strengthened. Automatic monitoring and laboratory analysis show that the data is normal.

　　Ten years of automatic detection and laboratory analysis have not found any abnormality in the radioactive level in the air in China, which is the conclusion of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The reporter specially went to two other scientific research institutions for interviews, one is the China Institute of Atomic Energy, which is called the "incubator" of China’s nuclear industry, and the other is lasg.

　　Liu Senlin, vice president of China Institute of Atomic Energy, said: "We began to monitor the uranium content in the air around 1958, and it has accumulated for almost 60 years. From the level of our laboratory, we can probably find 0.1 millibecquerel in the air. Uranium in every cubic meter of air can’t be measured most of the time, even if the measured value is very small, it has no impact on the human body." Wang Yuesi, a researcher in lasg, said: "There are 36 observation stations in all parts of the country, which have been observed since 2012. According to the extensive observation data in the country, uranium in atmospheric particles in our country is radioactive, including other radioactive elements. There is no abnormality and no change, so everyone can rest assured."

　　The data from the Radiation Environmental Monitoring Technology Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, China Institute of Atomic Energy and lasg all show that the atmospheric environmental radiation level in China has been stable for more than ten years, that is to say, the so-called "nuclear fog pollution" does not exist at all.

　　At the same time, I would also like to remind everyone that the monitoring results of radiation levels in the air are regularly published on the official website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the official WeChat meeting of the National Nuclear Safety Administration. You can check them from time to time if you are worried.

　　Go back and have a look at the ins and outs of this article. The source of the so-called "nuclear fog dyeing" mentioned in this article: coal with uranium from Ordos region of Inner Mongolia. If you want to say what uranium is, you may first think of the atomic bomb. Yes, highly enriched uranium can make nuclear weapons. Then, is there uranium in the coal in Ordos, Inner Mongolia? Is the coal there the so-called "uranium coal" that will cause nuclear pollution? Let’s listen to the authoritative experts.

　　Pan Ziqiang, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said: "The content of coal and uranium in Inner Mongolia should be low in the whole country." Liu Senlin said: "We have measured more than 90% of the coal mines in Inner Mongolia. According to the average output, the content of coal in Inner Mongolia is 49.8 becquerels per kilogram, and the national value is about 61 points. Therefore, the uranium content in coal mines in Inner Mongolia is lower than that in the whole country. The coal in our country is equivalent to the global average, basically at the same level." Pan Ziqiang said: "Uranium has existed on the earth since ancient times. There is no place without uranium, but this amount is relatively small, so it will not have harmful effects on people."

　　There are three key points here: the coal in Inner Mongolia does contain uranium; The content is lower than the national level; The uranium content in coal in China is comparable to that in other countries.

　　It can be said that uranium is everywhere, in the soil and in the air. Like many substances in nature, it is harmless as long as it is small, so there is no need to talk about uranium discoloration.

　　Let’s take a look at the so-called uranium coal mentioned in this online article. It is said in the article that the coal mines and uranium mines near Erdos in Inner Mongolia are together, and the coal and uranium are mixed, and the purity of uranium is very high. When coal is burned, the uranium mine is burned. What is the fact?

　　Wang Yuesi said: "No country is willing to burn this uranium mine in vain. Uranium mine is so precious. If the content is so high, it is a welcome thing to collect it as nuclear fuel. Can it be wasted?" Liu Senlin said: "The current understanding is that the spatial relationship between uranium mines or coal mines in Inner Mongolia is probably like this: this layer is a uranium-bearing layer, and this layer is basically a coal seam. The thickness between these two areas is about 100 meters. This 100-meter geological layer is mainly underground water and geological minerals."

　　This is clear: coal mines and uranium mines are separated by almost 100 meters, and they are not mixed at all. At the same time, experts point out that uranium can only be called uranium mines when the average content of uranium reaches more than five ten thousandths, while China has always been a uranium-deficient country. Once uranium is discovered, its exploitation will be strictly restricted by the state, and it is impossible to waste such precious resources as uranium in vain.

　　However, experts also mentioned that trace uranium does exist in coal. So, with the burning of coal, where did uranium go? According to the article "Nuclear Fog Dyeing", hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive uranium dust are released directly from chimneys every year, which are widely distributed in cities and villages. So, will uranium turn into dust and enter the air after burning?

　　Liu Senlin said: "Burning coal is a carbonization process. Since it is carbonized, the combustion temperature of our coal-fired boilers, including coal-fired power plants, is about 800 degrees, while the melting point of uranium is more than 1,400 degrees, and the boiling point is more than 2,000 degrees. During the combustion process, uranium is not burned, but is in the cinder. At present, the trend of uranium in coal is about such a proportion: 90% enters the cinder, and the remaining 10% enters the fly ash. The fly ash is filtered by the filter, and about 1% enters the filter system, enters the chimney environment through desulfurization, and enters the atmosphere. Uranium in coal entering the environment is basically negligible. "

　　After coal combustion, more than 90% of uranium goes to ash, 10% to fly ash, and after dust removal and filtration, only 1% finally goes to the atmosphere. Because the density of uranium is very high, 19 tons per cubic meter, the particulate matter of uranium will soon be deposited on the ground and will not be suspended in the air. Therefore, as long as the ash and fly ash are properly treated, even around the thermal power plant, there will generally be no large radiation.

　　In this article "Nuclear Fog Dyeing", the final goal is: the persistent smog shows that a large number of charged dust particles are floating in the air. It is radioactive uranium dust that provides power for charged particles, so even if the sun comes out and the temperature rises, it can’t be eliminated like fog. This view is also considered nonsense by experts.

　　Wang Yuesi said: "For example, I am from Beijing. When I was young, there must be coal at noon in the morning. Why? In the early days, it was water. By noon, the fog evaporated and disappeared. Now, the fog that started in the morning is mixed with a lot of particulate matter, that is, PM2.5 is still there. This day is still not blue, and this day has passed. Therefore, the smog is the reason for the duration, and the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere is too high. The floating time is too long, so in this case, the process of smog formation has nothing to do with us, mainly the discharged motor vehicles, coal-fired industries and ground dust. "

　　Seeing this, you finally understand that "nuclear fog dyeing" is a lie packaged with pseudo-scientific concepts, but why does such an article full of conceptual errors and logical confusion lead to the forwarding on the Internet? First, under the guise of science, the article quotes a lot of false data and facts, which makes the article very deceptive. For friends who don’t know the truth and lack scientific knowledge, it is easy to be deceived. Another, it takes advantage of the public’s attention to smog. In fact, among the top ten environmental rumors released this time, air pollution rumors accounted for six. Smog really annoys everyone, but even so, don’t believe rumors and rumors easily, let alone spread them, or believe in data and facts and science.

　

Shanghai people pay attention!

Recently, the Shanghai Provident Fund was released.

The city announced the deposit base, proportion and monthly deposit limit of housing provident fund in 2023.

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The city announced the deposit base, proportion and monthly deposit limit of housing provident fund in 2023.

According to the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Provident Fund, Several Provisions on the Administration of Housing Provident Fund in Shanghai and Measures for the Administration of Housing Provident Fund Deposit in Shanghai, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality, the Municipal Housing Provident Fund Management Committee passed the Notice on Adjusting the Base, Proportion and Upper and Lower Limits of Housing Provident Fund Deposit in Shanghai in 2023.

Since July 1, 2023, the deposit base of employee housing provident fund in this city has been adjusted from the average monthly salary in 2021 to the average monthly salary in 2022. Deposit base of housing provident fund in 2023The maximum is not more than 36549 yuan, and the minimum is not less than 2590 yuan.

In 2023, the proportion of units and employees’ housing provident fund contributions will be 5% to 7% respectively, and the proportion of units and employees’ supplementary housing provident fund contributions will be 1% to 5% respectively.

The housing accumulation fund corresponds to the deposit ratio of 7% for each unit and employee.The upper limit of monthly deposit is 5116 yuan, and the lower limit is 362 yuan.

Supplementary housing provident fund is corresponding to the deposit ratio of 5% for each unit and employee.The upper limit of monthly deposit is 3654 yuan, and the lower limit of monthly deposit is 260 yuan.

In 2023, the adjustment of the housing provident fund base will be based on online adjustment. From May to June, 2023, enterprises that have applied for the combined declaration of annual social insurance premiums and housing provident fund contributions through Shanghai "One Netcom Office" can log in to Shanghai "One Netcom Office" to inquire about the adjustment results of housing provident fund base from July, 2023, and after the housing provident fund is paid to June, 2023. Enterprises that have handled the consolidated declaration and found the successful adjustment result of the housing provident fund base do not need to repeat the adjustment of the housing provident fund base in 2023.

From July, 2023, after completing the payment of housing provident fund in June, the units that have not applied for consolidated declaration can adjust the base of housing provident fund in 2023 through the original channels such as Shanghai Housing Provident Fund Network, online business processing system of unit housing provident fund, "Shanghai Provident Fund" mobile phone client and China Construction Bank. The municipal provident fund center will continue to share data with the municipal social security department. When the unit handles the adjustment of the housing provident fund base through the above channels, it can choose to use the social security declaration information, and it is not necessary to fill in the average monthly salary information of employees repeatedly.

Shanghai Housing Provident Fund in 2023

Monthly deposit upper and lower limit table

"With the APPlication of citizen cloud" app provides [provident fund area]

Besides account inquiry, it also includes withdrawal/loan/voluntary deposit/transfer/other provident fund business handling services.

Xiaoyun reminds everyone here that the annual interest of the provident fund and the personal medical account funds of the insured in 2023 have already arrived! Go to the "With the Bid Citizen Cloud" APP [Three Gold Bills] to confirm it.

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Insurance time:May 9, 2023-July 31, 2023

Guarantee date:July 1, 2023-June 30, 2024

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Original title: "About the provident fund! There are adjustments! 》

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