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The theme of aliens has always been an extremely important part of American science fiction literature and science fiction movies. Interestingly, according to the summary of scholars, the alien images in these sci-fi works have undergone complex changes of the times and generations. For example, aliens in the 1960s and before were often cruel, violent and aggressive, while aliens in the 1970s and 1980s were peaceful and became good friends of human beings.

From fifty years ago to now, what changes have people experienced in the image of aliens in the imaginary world? Why did this change happen?

Aliens before the 1960s

Before the 1960s, the science fiction craze in the United States had just started. During this period, there appeared alien works such as World War, UFO Invasion of the Earth, Invisible Invaders and so on. Generally speaking, the alien images at this time are mostly cruel, militant and irrational.

The movie The War of the Worlds is based on the original novel of the same name by British writer H.G. Wells.

In 1953, The War of the Worlds told us that aliens from Mars could not survive because of the sudden change of climate on Mars, and planned to invade the earth on a large scale. When the first spaceship landed on the earth, nearby residents thought it was a meteorite. Dr. Crawfast learned that there was radioactivity through the detection instrument, and he had to wait until it was cooled before he could see it. However, some people went to watch it out of curiosity, only to be killed. Human weapons could not fight against Martians, and the whole earth was in a mess. At the beginning of the whole film, Martians killed three unarmed young people who shouted "We are friends" and "We welcome you".

Stills of UFO Invasion of the Earth.

In 1956, UFO Invasion of the Earth was about aliens trying to invade the Earth. After encountering aliens, Dr. Lu Se developed a secret weapon of high-frequency ultrasound, which eventually subdued the aliens. It is worth noting that there is also a strong "human imagination" in this film, that is, aliens have human-like limbs, wear clothes similar to humans, and have a similar structure to humans. The only difference is that the aliens’ heads are buns-shaped and have no facial features. Probably because the routine is simple, and the production level of early science fiction films is still rough, on Douban, this film only scored 5.7 points.

Some scholars have analyzed that this image of aliens in this era is inseparable from the outbreak of the Korean War. In the film, human beings are faced with all the weapons that aliens can use, even nuclear weapons. This confrontation actually reflects that Americans demonize their enemies through a cultural product such as movies, and then find reasons for their violent behavior. Anyone in the film who shows the idea of submission or anti-war will be criticized, and the spirit of fighting to the end will be respected.

Aliens in the 1970s and 1980s

Different from the previous era, the aliens in this period were gentle, simple and amiable as a whole, but human beings seemed "inhuman". Representative works include E.T. Alien, Cocoon, Alien Lover and so on.

Alien lovers.

In 1984′ s Alien Lovers, an alien was shot down by the earthlings because of his spaceship. He was injured and went to the widow’s house, and borrowed her husband’s body to continue his life. In the process of learning the life style of the earth people, aliens have feelings with widows. Like many alien science fiction works at this time, "separation" is inevitable, and the alien rescue team will arrive in three days and take him back to space. Two government officials on earth received the message and decided to catch aliens.

E.t. aliens.

This story is almost the same as E.T. Alien, which was released in 1982. The latter is that children in the human world found a little alien who was accidentally lost. He quietly took in the little alien and treated E.T. with the greatest kindness and introduced him to his friends. However, people finally found E.T. and put it in the laboratory, so the friends began a rescue journey.

Most of the aliens in this period came to visit the earth because of accidents, which was different from the previous "weird" ferocity. At this time, the aliens either had a sense of "sprouting" or approached the human image, which was different from that in the 1950 s only from the design of characters. On the contrary, people on earth are extremely unfriendly to aliens because of greed or in the name of "science"

This presentation is also related to the change of American society’s view of war after the Vietnam War, which is very different from the Korean War era. At this time, the people are looking forward to peace in the mainstream. As an "other" image, aliens also turn enemies into friends in movies, and all contradictions are entangled in human beings themselves.

Aliens after the 1990s.

Near the end of the century, the images of aliens in sci-fi works show different patterns, which mainly have two characteristics. One is that some sci-fi movies are different from the mainstream in the previous era, and the thinking of aliens after 1990 is more complicated; The second is that some films have fallen back to before 1960. At this time, representative works such as Contact in Time and Space, Independence Day, Surprise and District 9.

Aliens in "Sky Attack".

In 1996, the movie "Sky Attack" told that the earth suddenly received radio waves from outside the solar system, which made the weather unpredictable everywhere. Scientists began to investigate this phenomenon and found that aliens had settled in a corner of the earth and changed into people on earth. They are trying to change the weather on the earth, and scientists need to stop it from happening. In terms of value orientation, this film actually goes back to before the 1960s, that is, aliens are regarded as enemies.

The aliens in District 9 are a bit like locusts and a bit like shrimps.

In addition, District 9 and The Impersonator all show more complicated aspects. For example, in "District 9" in 2009, the aliens in the film looked like locusts and were extremely ugly. They came to the earth because of the poverty of other planets. The United Nations set up a special "District 9" to take care of them, but with the improvement of physical conditions, they brought a lot of trouble to the local public security, and the government decided to move these aliens to refugee areas. In the film, these aliens are ugly, cruel and decadent, drunk and robbed, but they are also rich in wisdom and know how to repay their kindness, which shows great goodwill to the human beings who help them.

From beginning to end, aliens are regarded as "the other" in the human film world. Aliens will not participate in human life, and even if they turn into human beings to participate in the operation of human society, they will eventually face the problem of "return". Moreover, the design and production of science fiction films are entirely out of human imagination. In this imagination space, whether the "other" of aliens is hostile or peaceful, whether it is revenge or good for evil, it profoundly reflects a country’s imagination of the outside world.

references

Nie Xinru: Cold War Thinking and Alien Construction in American Science Fiction Films (Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition), No.3, 2013).

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　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 5 th Question: Why is the costume online drama popular?

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Shi Jingnan

　　The Longest Day In Chang’an Joy of Life’s "He Lai Hua Ting" and "Daming Fenghua" … … Over the past year, a number of well-made and distinctive costume online dramas have been broadcasted on major video platforms, which indicates that the creation of costume online dramas has reached a new level.

　　Experts believe that these online dramas have won the audience’s reputation by virtue of wonderful plots and elaborate production, promoted the beauty of traditional culture, and promoted the correct view of history and values, which not only expanded the expression dimension of China’s history and culture, but also made the audience appreciate the immortal charm of Chinese traditional culture.

　　Looking back at the creation of online dramas in recent years, representative works have appeared in the dramas written in the four dynasties of Tang, Song, Ming and Qing: The Longest Day In Chang’an not only tells the wonderful story of "defending Chang ‘an", but also shows the prosperity and beauty of the prosperous Tang Dynasty; "He Lai Hua Ting" carefully digs into historical details and presents a beautiful, elegant, elegant and subtle aesthetic style of the Song Dynasty. Based on the real characters and stories in history, Daming Fenghua depicts a period of ups and downs of Daming history; "Story of Yanxi Palace" recreates the life of the Qing Dynasty, arousing the interest of the audience.

　　Yang Wenjun, the director of "He Li Hua Ting", believes that the theme of ancient costume is still an important position for the creation of online drama. Respecting historical logic, reflecting historical features and carrying forward traditional culture are both the desire of the audience and the conscious pursuit of the creators.

　　"We weave stories on the basis of respecting history and try to be traceable." Cao Dun, director of The Longest Day In Chang’an, said frankly that from the very beginning of his creation, he had to "try to restore the day of the Tang Dynasty" and create works with historical themes with realistic spirit.

　　Whether it is costume drama, modern drama or modern drama, the creative logic should be settled in real life.

　　"The beauty of costumes, etiquette, language and calligraphy presented through the lens fully presents the aesthetic connotation of China’s classical culture, and also highlights cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence." Hu Zhifeng, dean of the School of Art and Media at Beijing Normal University, said.

　　Yi Kai, Deputy Secretary-General of China Television Art Committee, believes that the description of ancient history by the online drama of ancient costume, represented by "The Flower Pavilion with a Crane", broadens the audience’s horizon of understanding history, especially the young audience, breaks through the story expression of history and culture, and realizes the integration and dissemination of Chinese excellent traditional culture.

　　According to Zhu Chuanxin, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the School of Drama, Film and Television of China Communication University, the respect of costume drama for historical facts and traditional culture is externalized in the rigorous expression and aesthetic pursuit, so that the audience can see the different ways of opening traditional culture.

　　At the same time, costume online drama also provides a new carrier for spreading and promoting Chinese traditional culture.

　　The Longest Day In Chang’an was launched in North America for the first time in the form of "paid content"; "He Lai Hua Ting" has landed on many overseas platforms, and audiences from more than 200 countries and regions can catch up with domestic audiences, setting a new record for Chinese drama to go to sea … …

　　Zhu Xinmei, deputy director of the International Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Administration of Radio and Television, said that these online dramas have met the needs of overseas audiences to understand China culture, spread the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and promoted the spirit of China, including the feelings of home and country.

　　Chengxiang Zhong, chairman of the China Association of Literary Critics, said that the creation of excellent online dramas in ancient costumes is unique, and the value orientation of truth, goodness and beauty and the restoration and creation of historical atmosphere are conducive to cultivating the audience to learn historical wisdom, cast spiritual personality and enhance aesthetic cultivation. This shows that it has become a new direction for the exploration of costume drama to have artistic truth, proper drama appearance and cultural connotation.

　　Xing Ziyan (right), a "takeaway operator" who shuttles through Guangzhou Zhujiang New Town every day. Photo by interviewee

　　Putting on a ponytail, wearing T-shirt jeans, sunscreen ice sleeves, and riding a small electric donkey has become the daily standard of Xing Ziyan’s work. Xing Ziyan, 23, is a "food delivery operator". Her daily work is to shuttle through the Pearl River New Town in Guangzhou CBD to help merchants launch food delivery and promote operations.

　　Before graduating from Guangzhou University and joining a food delivery platform two years ago, Xing Ziyan had hardly visited Zhujiang New Town, let alone knew that it was home to the largest number of high-end catering merchants in Guangzhou. From being rejected by catering bosses at first, to being able to analyze takeaway data and help merchants improve their business conditions, Xing Ziyan enjoys this sense of being needed. She said that she has changed from a "foodie" to a professional "foodie".

　　In recent years, our country’s digital economy has continued to develop, and more and more catering merchants have begun to contact and use digital tools, and have launched takeaway services one after another. According to public data, the size of the takeaway market has exceeded 650 billion yuan. Taking Meituan takeaway as an example, as early as 2020, the number of orders completed in a single day has exceeded 40 million yuan. According to previous data from the Guangdong Catering Industry Association, the COVID-19 epidemic has accelerated the process of digitalization of quality restaurants to a certain extent. At present, more than half of five-star hotels and more than 80% of time-honored brands in Guangzhou have launched takeout. The takeaway market is trending well, and more and more catering merchants have followed the trend and touched the Internet, which has also promoted the development process of catering digitalization. At the same time, the demand for takeaway professionals has also risen, and "takeaway operators" have come into being. This once mysterious profession has gradually been recognized and understood by the public.

　　"Actually, it’s quite difficult," Ms. Xing said, adding that many of her friends misunderstood her job and thought it should be easy for her to go shopping, eat, drink and have fun every day. But Ms. Xing, who manages nearly 200 restaurants in Zhujiang New Town, has a lot of work every day. She analyzed that every business district is different, and the customer base for lunch and dinner is also different. There is a lot of knowledge in it, and all of them "run" by themselves.

　　In the beginning, Xing Ziyan often ate "closed doors". Due to the lack of solid professional knowledge and no personal connections, many bosses were reluctant to chat with her. "The biggest difference between Zhujiang New Town and other places is that it is difficult to meet the boss in the restaurant." Xing Ziyan said that for a period of time, she was guarding the door almost every day, just to "squat the boss". "The catering bosses in CBD are not ordinary people, and they need to use their strong professional operation knowledge to convince them that takeout is helpful to them."

　　After adjusting her mindset, Xing Ziyan focused her work on the old merchants who had already settled in. Through visits, operation and promotion, she established a certain customer base relationship with the bosses. After accumulating a certain reputation in the industry, the old merchants gradually began to introduce new merchants to Xing Ziyan.

　　Signing a merchant is only the first step in going online for takeaway, and the bigger problem is the follow-up operation. Xing Ziyan said that as a takeaway operator, you need to pay close attention to the restaurant’s takeaway production. Whether the quality of the ingredients of the merchant passes the customs, whether the packaging is strict or not, and how the service attitude is, even if a detail is not up to standard, it will directly affect the merchant’s order. When encountering merchants who do not have a high order conversion rate, they need to re-build the takeaway menu, and even from offline store decoration to promotion, they must help the merchant optimize and give feedback.

　　During the COVID-19 epidemic, a merchant in Zhujiang New Town launched takeout. At that time, the dishes sold were relatively expensive, and the customer base of takeout was basically regular customers. After Xing Ziyan learned about the situation, she suggested that the merchant take out the signature dish "stir-fried yellow beef" as a single set meal. The staple food is accompanied by rice and vegetables to keep the cost down. The monthly sales of takeout by the merchant suddenly soared from nearly 300 orders to about 1,200 orders.

　　In a western restaurant in the office building, the person in charge of the restaurant opened the data of the online store and asked Xing Ziyan for advice: "During this period of time, we opened a new event on the platform, and I feel that the effect is not very good. Is there something wrong with the setting?" After careful study, Xing Ziyan gave a suggestion, "You can try to match different packages and activities at different times; the order volume every Monday is the lowest, and then it rises all the way, indicating that after the weekend, everyone’s consumption mentality has a recovery process…"

　　A merchant said bluntly, "There are too many takeout doors, and there is no way to start without guidance. Thanks to a’takeaway operator ‘like Xing Ziyan." Seeing that the merchant made money, Xing Ziyan was also very proud, "I think every store here is actually related to me, and they will become better because of my existence."

　　"Takeaway operation is a very deep knowledge, and it has been advancing with the times." Xing Ziyan believes that doing this requires constantly observing the market, whether there are new categories emerging, and which set of operation methods is the most effective. "This is a process of continuous learning and iteration, and after summing up experience, tell the merchant which method is the most effective."

　　In the past two years, Xing Ziyan has helped many mid-to-high-end restaurants that had never thought of serving takeout before to serve takeout, and has also helped many restaurants that have never touched takeout to "start from scratch" and achieve an average of over 1,000 orders per month. She is familiar with every corner of Zhujiang New Town, and can accurately tell the launch time of each restaurant, and even the predecessors of these stores.

　　Sometimes, Xing Ziyan felt that it was hard, especially in winter or summer. However, she quickly convinced herself with the attractiveness of her career that she could freely "go shopping" outside during working hours, buy a cup of milk tea on the road, and chat with different people. This was probably her greatest harvest and happiness.

　　There are more channels for people to understand the catering industry. They will use various platforms to actively find some stores that they have not been to, read other people’s comments, and then try it themselves. Xing Ziyan said that the jobs on these platforms are all new opportunities.

　　Nowadays, ordering "takeout" has become an increasingly dependent way of life, not only in the catering industry, but also in reality, buying vegetables, daily necessities, and even maternal and infant products, as long as you can think of them, there is no delivery. In takeout data, merchants can always capture subtle changes in consumer preferences to improve their business strategies in a timely manner.

　　These days, Xing Ziyan cannot go out to work due to a broken toe, but her phone and mobile phone messages have hardly stopped. She said that this state is the same 365 days a year, and the pressure is much greater than that of e-commerce operations. "The goods of e-commerce are delivered every few days, and the takeaway is delivered immediately, which means that all kinds of problems encountered by merchants are immediate and need to be solved quickly."

　　The emergence of the new profession of "takeaway operator" indicates that the takeaway operation is gradually becoming more professional, which also releases more job opportunities to the local life service field. According to the recruitment platform, in first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the demand for "takeaway operation" related positions is large, and most positions have a monthly salary of more than 10,000 yuan. In addition to traditional catering practitioners, many fresh graduates, retired military personnel, migrant workers, and people with disabilities have chosen to engage in the new profession of "takeaway operator". According to the "Big Data Report on the Development of China’s Takeaway Industry in 2020", from 2015 to 2019, the market size of China’s catering takeaway industry showed a rapid upward trend, with an average annual compound growth rate of 45.46%. Industry experts believe that the development trend of the takeaway industry has formed a talent siphon effect.

　　In order to enable the new profession of "takeaway operator" to serve the majority of catering merchants more systematically, in May 2020, Meituan Training and Meituan New Catering Research Institute jointly launched the "takeaway operation talent training program" with the Education and Training Center of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. The training provides courses on five core competencies: business understanding, product research & development, platform operation, user operation, and data analytics. Students who successfully pass the course assessment will receive a certificate jointly issued by the Education and Training Center of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and Meituan. This is also the first takeaway operator program in the industry endorsed by government entities.

　　China Youth Daily · China Youth Network reporter, Lin Jie

　　CCTV News:This is where you care about the progress of epidemic prevention and control on March 3.

　　Report good news

　　As of 24: 00 on the 2nd, 47,204 cases have been cured and discharged nationwide.

　　In provinces outside Hubei, the number of newly confirmed cases per day in the past five days has basically remained at around 10.

　　Yunnan, Shaanxi, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Gansu, Xinjiang (including Corps), Guizhou, Qinghai and Xizang have no new confirmed cases for more than 10 consecutive days.

　　Except Hubei, other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have no new deaths for two consecutive days.

　　Ministry dynamics

　　The two departments jointly issued opinions, clarifying that online follow-up medical insurance can be reimbursed during the COVID-19 epidemic.

　　The ACFTU issued a notice to clarify that employees who are arranged by enterprises to work from home in a flexible way will be paid according to their salary income during normal working hours.

　　The Ministry of Justice issued a notice emphasizing the need to provide on-site legal services for the prevention and control of frontline medical personnel and military personnel.

　　The Ministry of Transport issued operational guidelines for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic situation for ship crew.

　　According to the Ministry of Finance, the collection rate of value-added tax for small-scale taxpayers has been reduced from 3% to 1%, and Hubei Province has been exempted for three months.

　　The Ministry of Finance pre-allocates a balanced transfer payment budget from the central government to local governments in 2020 to enhance local financial security capabilities.

　　State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China decided to extend the tax declaration period in March by one week.

　　The latest everywhere

　　On the 2nd, there were 11 new confirmed cases outside Hubei, and the number of new cases rebounded.

　　Beijing has adjusted the entry quarantine policy for overseas personnel. Anyone who enters through the Beijing port from a country with serious epidemic situation needs to stay at home or concentrate on quarantine for 14 days.

　　Seven new imported cases from Italy in Zhejiang were announced: all of them worked in the same restaurant in Italy as the first imported case from Zhejiang.

　　On the 2nd, 3 new cases in Liaoning were all Dandong cases. On the 3rd, Liaoning reported the itinerary of 3 new confirmed cases.

　　On the 3rd, a new case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Taiwan Province, which was related to a cluster case in a hospital in northern Taiwan Province.

　　On the 3rd, the first adaptive test of Beijing New College Entrance Examination was held. Due to the epidemic, Beijing candidates took the exam at home.

　　Jiangsu issued an online teaching guide for primary and secondary schools during the anti-epidemic period, which requires controlling online teaching time and homework.

　　The return to work rate of Guangdong enterprises with the Pearl River Delta as the core has exceeded 90%, and more than 6.08 million people from other provinces have returned to Guangdong.

　　As of February 29th, 548 major municipal projects under construction in Chongqing have resumed work, with a resumption rate of 98.4%.

　　The defendant in the first case of epidemic prevention material fraud in Shanghai was sentenced to 6 years and 6 months.

　　Focus on Hubei

　　2 nd 0— At 24: 00, there were 114 new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Hubei province, and 31 new cases died.

　　Yang Yunyan, vice governor of Hubei Province, said that the rapid rise of the epidemic in Hubei Province has been curbed.

　　Passengers stranded in Wuhan encounter difficulties in life, and each person can get 300 yuan/day assistance.

　　Xianning City, Hubei Province will implement classified management of residential areas, with dividends in three categories: yellow, green and yellow.

　　On the 3rd, Jianghan District of Wuhan reported that "several urban management team members beat the delivery staff of fresh food stores", saying that three urban management staff were dismissed and one was put on file for investigation.

　　It was reported that the female doctor of Wuhan University suffered from COVID-19 and left a suicide note, which was denied by Wuhan University.

　　Foreign correlation

　　WHO Director-General Tan Desai said that the situation of COVID-19 epidemic outside China is not optimistic.

　　At 0: 00-16: 00 local time on the 3rd, South Korea reported a total of 374 new cases of novel coronavirus infection.

　　As of the morning of the 3rd, the cumulative number of confirmed infection cases within the Korean army has increased to 31.

　　By 10: 30 local time on the 3rd, 980 cases of COVID-19 had been confirmed.

　　By the evening of the 2nd local time, the number of cases of Covid-19 infection in the United States had reached 100.

　　The European Center for Disease Control and Prevention has upgraded the epidemic risk level to "moderate to high".

　　On the 2nd, Senegal, Morocco and Tunisia in Africa reported the first case of COVID-19.

　　Pakistan confirmed the fifth case of COVID-19.

　　All parties rushed to help.

　　As of 12: 00 on the 1st, Hubei Charity Federation has received a total of 5,382,120,100 yuan in donations for epidemic prevention and control.

　　Over the past few days, party member, an army unit, has enthusiastically donated money to actively support the prevention and control of the epidemic in COVID-19.

　　By the 2nd, the civil aviation system had delivered 762,202 pieces of prevention and control materials to Hubei, totaling 7,767.91 tons.

　　On the 2nd, 600,000 ml of red blood cells and 220,000 ml of plasma were sent from Hebei to Hubei. In the early morning of the 3 rd, Wuhan staff transferred to the warehouse overnight.

　　At 2 pm on the 1st, five cold chain transport vehicles carrying 30 tons of Tibetan pork donated by Xizang were sent to Wuhan.

　　The most beautiful retrograde person

　　Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Sun Bing, the chief physician of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, accepted the transfer, was ordered at the critical moment, and gladly went to fight the epidemic.

　　At noon on the 3rd, Dr. Mei Zhongming of central hospital of wuhan passed away. He was the deputy director and chief physician of ophthalmology department of this hospital. Dr Mei Zhongming fell in the battle against COVID-19, which is the third doctor who died in the hospital.

　　make a loud sound when thrown to the ground―(of a speech) powerful and rousing

　　"If the epidemic does not retreat, we will not retreat until the last patient is discharged."

　　— — Anhui assisted Hubei medical staff to volunteer to fight.

　　"People who say that the stars are bright are because you have never seen the eyes of nurses or doctors."

　　— — A patient who was discharged after 30 days of hospitalization expressed his deep feelings to the medical staff.

　　Seeing is believing

　　On the 2nd, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University held the swearing-in ceremony for party member, the first frontline of the "epidemic", and Academician Zhong Nanshan took the oath. Party member, two new development candidates, took a solemn oath in front of party flag in the form of remote video in Wuhan.

　　Recently, Aunt Li of Jiangyin City, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province actually put more than 3,000 yuan in cash into the microwave oven for heating and disinfection because she suspected that the RMB might be contaminated with "COVID-19 virus".

　　Epidemic prevention tips

　　During the epidemic in COVID-19, in order to avoid hand-to-hand transmission, you should wash your hands in time in the following situations:

　　Including going out and returning; Before wearing a mask and after taking it off; After contact with tears, nose, sputum and saliva, cough and sneeze are covered with hands; After nursing the patient; Before preparing food; Before meals; After going to the toilet; After touching public facilities or articles such as handrails, door handles, elevator buttons, coins, express delivery, etc. Before holding and feeding the baby, after handling the baby’s feces; After touching animals or handling animal droppings.

　　Daily "epidemic" map

　　Editor: Huang Zuochun

　　Text/Feng Lingling Xia Bin

　　This year’s "double 11" promotion is even longer.

　　Tik Tok took the lead in launching the "Tik Tok Shopping Mall double 11 Enjoy Good Things Festival" on October 8th. Taobao, Tmall, JD.COM and other e-commerce platforms also launched a big promotion about 10 days earlier than in previous years. This year, the "double 11" activity cycle of major platforms has been extended to about one month.

　　Tmall: The turnover of 589 brands exceeded 100 million.

　　At 24: 00 on November 11th, Tmall "double 11" closed in 2024. The turnover of 589 brands in the whole cycle of "double 11" exceeded 100 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 46.5%, setting a new historical record. Among them, the turnover of 45 brands, such as Apple, Haier, Midea, Xiaomi, Nike and Wuliangye, exceeded 1 billion yuan, and the trendy brand Mihayou, the beauty brand Tom Ford, Kelijin and the Belgian fish oil brand WHC were among the "100 million yuan clubs" of Tmall double 11 for the first time.

　　Taobao’s live broadcast transactions reached 119 live broadcast rooms, a record high, of which 49 live broadcast rooms exceeded 100% year-on-year. This year, the overall transaction amount and the number of users who purchased Taobao live broadcast of "double 11" achieved a substantial year-on-year increase.

　　However, the preferential rules of Taobao Tmall, such as cross-store coupons over 300 minus 50, 88VIP coupons over 3000 minus 240, and beauty super coupons over 280 minus 200, are dazzling, and it is more complicated to superimpose various coupons with different use thresholds.

　　JD.COM: The number of shopping users has increased by more than 20% year-on-year

　　As of 23: 59 on November 11th, in 2024, the number of shopping users in JD.COM on November 11th increased by over 20% year-on-year, and the order volume of live broadcast in JD.COM increased by 3.8 times year-on-year. The turnover of over 17,000 brands increased by over 5 times year-on-year, and the turnover of over 30,000 small and medium-sized businesses increased by over 2 times year-on-year.

　　During the period of 11.11 in JD.COM this year, Jingdong Logistics continued to expand the service scope of "express delivery to the countryside" and "delivery, loading and unpacking" of large items. Nearly 300 remote towns and villages such as Resuo Township in Gyangze County, Tibet, Pilale Township in Akto County, Xinjiang, and Yangmei Yi, Miao and Hui Township in Liupanshui, Guizhou have joined Jingdong Logistics’ own distribution scope. Consumers here can not only enjoy the home delivery service of Brother JD.COM, but also send agricultural products through Jingdong Express.

　　In addition, nearly 200 towns and villages in remote areas, such as Huoyanshan Town in Turpan, Xinjiang, Tuoba Township and Tingka Township in Ganzi, Sichuan, Paiyang Township in southeastern Guizhou, and Baijia Township in Pingxian County, Ankang Town, Shaanxi Province, can enjoy the one-stop on-site worry-free service of sending, installing, disassembling and collecting large household appliances of Jingdong Logistics, and participate in activities such as "trade-in".

　　Pinduoduo: 10 billion subsidies bless global good things

　　On the opening day of China International Import Expo(CIIE) this year (November 5th), Pinduoduo subsidized 10 billion yuan to hold live broadcast with goods, and moved more than 70 selected goods from nearly 20 countries around the world into the live broadcast room.

　　That night, with the support of tens of billions of subsidies, more than 30 million netizens snapped up the world’s good things such as Tanzanian cashew nuts, Norwegian mackerel and Ethiopian coffee. At the end of the live broadcast, the host also arranged for some international big-name star products to return.

　　"With billions of subsidies, international brands have found a broader market. These global good things have also enriched the supply of platforms, allowing consumers to buy all over the world at a lower price without leaving home. " The person in charge of the 10 billion subsidy said that the 10 billion subsidy will continue to increase subsidies for good brands at home and abroad, so that consumers can buy global good things at a more fragrant price.

　　Tik Tok: Half-way promotion volume broke out.

　　At present, Tik Tok has not released the overall "double 11" campaign report, but judging from the previously released "interim results", the sales this year are ideal.

　　Wei Wenwen, president of Tik Tok E-commerce, said that from October 8 to 29, the overall GMV of the platform broke out strongly, and the outbreak of the shelf yard was more prominent, with the mall GMV increasing by 91% and the search GMV increasing by 77%.

　　Aauto Quicker: Gold jewelry and household appliances are selling well.

　　With the help of platform subsidies and state subsidies, gold jewelry and household appliances have become the hot-selling categories of Aauto Quicker "double 11".

　　According to the data of the first half of the promotion, gold jewelry became the first category in the overall GMV of Aauto Quicker platform from 17: 00 on October 19th to 20th. It has become a new trend for young people to save golden beans in Aauto Quicker. On October 19th, the GMV of Aauto Quicker store of Emerald Jewelry reached tens of millions, and golden beans accounted for as much as half. In October, the newly settled businesses in Aauto Quicker received abundant money, with GMV exceeding 10 million yuan in the first week. At present, there are over 20,000 short videos related to saving golden beans in Aauto Quicker Station.

　　Yu Yang, the person in charge of the Aauto Quicker platform of Emerald Jewelry, mentioned that the Aauto Quicker platform has advantages in the coverage of users in the north, and the base of people who buy gold in the north is larger, and the unit price of consumers is higher. "For example, users in the north like to buy products with heavier grams, and men’s goods also sell well."

　　With the help of state subsidies, from 17: 00 on October 19th to 20th, the number of Aauto Quicker users participating in state subsidies for trade-in exceeded 1.3 million. On the first day of state subsidies, GMV increased by 670% compared with this year’s "618". From October 19th to 29th, washing machines, refrigerators and smart beds became the top three categories of state-subsidized sales in Aauto Quicker.

　　Little Red Book: The rapid growth of business buyers

　　Different from the traditional e-commerce platform, the number of business buyers with a turnover of over 10 million during the "double 11" of Xiaohongshu increased rapidly. A group of "post-95" and "post-00" managers are running business in Xiaohongshu e-commerce and growing rapidly.

　　In this year’s "double 11", Xiaohongshu e-commerce chose not to do traditional promotion, but to return to the user experience and create a shopping spree that is "easy to shop, fun and easy to buy". During the event, around more than 1,000 treasure shops showing various lifestyles, Xiaohongshu E-commerce built five theme blocks and launched rich activity incentives to bring new business to merchants and buyers on the platform.

　　Bilibili: UP main video drives tens of millions of turnover.

　　This year’s "double 11" is a big promotion. As the blue ocean of e-commerce traffic, Miley (bilibili) invested 3 billion traffic to support high-quality grass planting content, and joined hands with Tmall to open 10,000 UP main live broadcasts and special shows with goods.

　　The main output content of bilibili UP not only provides decision-making help for consumers, but also brings real business transformation to businesses. According to statistics, 500,000 fans’ digital UP master @ has a good screen, and the purchase of Raiders video on a single monitor has driven nearly 10 million yuan in order turnover in the first half of the "double 11" promotion.

　　On the day of the launch of the Great Promotion on October 14th, the number of people searching for "double 11" related keywords in bilibili Station increased by 570% year-on-year. The promotion related contents such as "shopping strategy", "double 11 pit prevention" and "must see before buying" have attracted the attention of young people. As of the first half of the promotion, the industries with the fastest year-on-year growth in bilibili’s total commodity transactions were digital home appliances and clothing accessories, both of which achieved over three-digit growth; The odd number of transactions of consumer goods of 5,000 yuan and above also increased by more than three digits year-on-year.

The large-scale China market has been opened, and the giants of multinational pharmaceutical companies are deploying. China’s innovative drug market has become a battleground for enterprises.

New drugs brought about by the priority review and approval and the accelerated registration of imported drugs have been listed in China, reaching the first small climax in 2017.

In 2017, the number of imported innovative drugs registered in China for the first time reached 39, including 34 chemical drugs and 5 biological drugs. Most of them were approved through the priority review process, and the fastest one took only five months from CDE acceptance to approval.

Moreover, as of the end of January 2018, there are still 20 imported innovative drugs in the review and approval queue, most of which have been included in the priority review and approval. It is expected to be approved in 2018~2019.

From the indication point of view, the treatment fields of these products are all over the popular treatment fields such as tumor, hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, hepatitis C, pulmonary hypertension, etc. Many products are direct competitors, and most of them are the first heavyweight varieties of the same type in the world. This not only greatly enriches the treatment options of patients, but also forms a competitive mechanism in price and expands the accessibility of drugs.

The huge China market has been opened, and the giants of multinational pharmaceutical companies are in the process of deployment. China’s innovative drug market has become a battleground for enterprises. With the deepening of the reform of drug evaluation system and China’s increasing participation in international multi-center clinical research, the "China time difference" of global new drugs is getting shorter and shorter.

BI, Novartis and Johnson & Johnson are in the first echelon according to the number of products approved by enterprises.

one

China becomes the largest emerging market of BI.

China has become the largest emerging market of BI, with a large number of new drugs that were previously stuck in the approval process being approved one after another.

In 2017, a total of five innovative chemical drugs of BI were approved by CFDA, including two hypoglycemic drugs, namely, O-Tang Jing (Engleggin) and O-shuangning (Liggliptin/Metformin), one antihypertensive drug, Shuangjia (Telmisartan-Amlodipine), and two anticancer drugs, Nidanib (Wigardt) and Afatinib (Gitairui), for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Among them, the listing of afatinib is of nodal significance. It is the first imported new drug whose "listing application" has been given priority review, and it is also the first imported new drug approved for listing by CFDA with the qualification of "priority review". As the first EGFR-TKI in China, its curative effect is significantly better than that of the first generation. Its listing indicates that the speed of overseas new drugs entering China will be greatly accelerated.

Afatinib was approved by more than 70 countries to treat EGFR mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer before it was approved in China, and it has become the first choice of EGFR targeted drugs in many areas. It was first approved in July 2013 in the United States, and was approved in China after an interval of three years and eight months. Compared with the average interval of five years when international new drugs are approved in China, it is two years ahead of schedule.

In 2016, the global sales of SGLT-2 inhibitor, a new oral hypoglycemic drug, was US$ 4.58 billion, but this kind of drug has just started in China. Dapagliflozin, AstraZeneca’s new diabetes drug approved in March 2017, is the first SGLT-2 inhibitor listed in China. As the second SGLT-2 inhibitor listed in China, Engleggin was listed later than Dapagliflozin. At present, the two products are direct competitors. Among local enterprises, Hengrui, Dongyang Guangyao and Xuanzhu Medicine have already started clinical trials, and Hengrui’s Henggelijing started the Phase III clinical trial in June last year, which lasted for 52 weeks.

Nidanib ethanesulfonate soft capsules for the treatment of specific pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were accepted by CDE on April 17th, 2017, included in the priority review on June 6th and approved on September 22nd. A total of five months, it can be described as rapid.

The global IPF market will reach US$ 3.2 billion in 2025, and the global sales of Nidanib in the first half of 2017 is 429 million euros (RMB 3.36 billion), which is one of the best performing drugs in that year. There are about 500,000 IPF patients in China, and the number of cases is increasing. Before the approval of Nidanib, the only domestic product to treat IPF was pirfenidone from Roche. At present, both products are expensive. It is worth noting that the new drug Ifinidone for IPF developed by Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. has been approved for clinical use by CDE.

Undoubtedly, the approval of these products in China will boost the strong growth of BI’s performance in China in the next few years. According to the data, as of January, 2018, BI has two innovative pharmaceutical products, Audat Luo and Tiotropium Bromide, which are under review and approval, and both are in the priority review process.

Both drugs are COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) drugs. The global and domestic COPD markets are expanding, but there has been a lack of heavy products. Tiotropium bromide has always been the best-selling product of BI, and it is predicted by EvaluatePharma that it is the only drug that may enter the "Top 50 Best-selling Drugs List in 2020" in the field of COPD.

At the same time, in 2018, BI will also develop biopharmaceuticals in China.

In May 2017, BI China Bio-pharmaceutical Base was officially launched in Shanghai Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, which is the fourth bio-pharmaceutical base of BI after German, Austrian and American, demonstrating its determination to use this base as a "bridge" and quickly enter the bio-pharmaceutical market in China. In the beginning of 2018, BI signed a commercial supply agreement with Baekje Shenzhou on the latter’s research on the PD-1 antibody tislelizumab, which was produced in the biopharmaceutical production base as an exploration of the drug marketing license holder system.

Prior to this, BI has promoted 27 biopharmaceutical products to the global market, and the establishment of the fourth biopharmaceutical base in China will also accelerate the listing of its biopharmaceutical products in China.

2

Novartis: Innovation Drives Growth

Novartis has always been defined as a pharmaceutical company driven by innovation. At present, the impact of the expiration of Gleevec’s patent is being offset by the gradual increase of innovative pharmaceutical products listed later. According to the financial report released by Novartis Group, the net income of Novartis increased by 2% in 2017, among which products such as Cosentyx and Noxintuo grew strongly.

For Novartis, listing more innovative drugs in China is an important link for it to increase the innovative market in China. As early as 10 years ago, Novartis set up a biomedical research center in China, which is also one of its three R&D centers in the world. In the China market, in 2017, Novartis had five products, namely indane Dutrow/glycopyrrolate (Jierun) for treating COPD, shakubit-valsartan (Noxintuo), rucotinib (Jiekewei) and pezotinib (Vequantel), and also included a biological drug, namely omazumab (Zhuole) for treating asthma.

Among them, Shakuibi Trivalsartan is a breakthrough and innovative drug in the treatment of chronic heart failure in the world in recent 20 years. According to reports, Noxintuo has been off the assembly line at Novartis Changping factory at the end of 2017 and officially entered the market.

Lucotinib is currently the only targeted drug approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis in the world. In 2016, Jiekewei’s global sales reached US$ 853 million. Thanks to the expansion of the global bone marrow fibrosis market, Jiekewei also maintained a double-digit growth in 2017H1. At the launch conference of Jiekewei, Novartis said that china charity federation Jiekewei patient assistance project will also be launched during the year to ensure standardized treatment for patients.

Omazumab is the first monoclonal antibody drug in the world and the only one in China to treat asthma. It was first marketed in Australia in 2002, and has been approved for marketing in more than 90 countries around the world, and its indications are gradually expanding. In the past five years, its global sales have steadily increased. In 2016, its global sales reached 2.356 billion US dollars, making it a well-deserved heavy biopharmaceutical.

China is one of the countries with the highest mortality rate of asthma, and the prevalence rate is increasing gradually. There are many kinds of asthma treatments listed in China, but most drugs still can’t control the symptoms of patients. As the first targeted drug, omazumab will open a new chapter in the treatment of allergic asthma. If the price is reasonable, it will be rapidly released in China market. However, Novartis is also facing competitors. Among local enterprises, omazumab biological analogues from Zhangjiang Biological and other enterprises have entered clinical phase III.

Sertinib, the second-generation ALK inhibitor under review and approval, was approved by FDA as the first-line therapy for ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer in 2017. It is expected to join the priority review and approval queue in the future.

three

Johnson & Johnson: Two Heavy Biological Drugs Entering China

In 2017, Johnson & Johnson listed the leukemia drug Ibotinib (Yike), the hepatitis C drug cimetivir (Olesen) and the new type 2 diabetes drug Carglinide (Yikean) in China.

With a strong research and development pipeline for autoimmune diseases, Johnson & Johnson has also listed two biopharmaceuticals in China, namely Gorimumab for treating ankylosing spondylitis and Usinotuzumab for treating psoriasis. It is also full of harvest.

Golimumab is the first approved anti-rheumatic TNF preparation injected subcutaneously once a month in China, and it is also one of the top ten anti-rheumatic drugs in the world. In the global market, the global sales of golimumab have been rising all the way. In 2016, it sold $1.745 billion, ranking 36th in the top-selling drug top50 list in 2016.

The indication of Gorimumab approved in China is ankylosing spondylitis, but in the world, four indications have been approved. With more indications approved in China, it will compete for market share with imported TNF inhibitors such as Hummel, Leike and Enli, and domestic TNF inhibitors such as Yisaipu, Qiangke and Anbainuo.

The current market of TNF inhibitors in China is about 1.5 billion yuan, and the potential market exceeds 10 billion yuan. Domestic Yisaipu occupies more than 60% market share with price advantage. In the new national medical insurance catalogue in 2017, the recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor-antibody fusion protein was included in the national medical insurance category B for the first time, which will expand the TNF inhibitor market as a whole and help to increase the volume of golimumab, but the pricing problem still needs to be considered.

Usinotuzumab is a classic standard drug for psoriasis, benefiting from the overall rapid expansion of the autoimmune disease drug market, which rose by 24% in 2017 and exceeded $4 billion for the first time.

four

Multinational pharmaceutical giants are leading the way.

In 2017, the number of new drug approvals in the second echelon was AstraZeneca (3), AbbVie (2), BMS(2) and Bayer (2).

Amritsar from AstraZeneca was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it was a competitor with Ou Shuangning from BI. The listing of Teresa, a third-generation targeted drug for non-small cell lung cancer, created the fastest record of less than one month from approval to marketing, and in just a few months, it had already sold $23 million in China, and soon after approval, it was included in the scope of serious illness medical insurance in Zhejiang Province.

Abvir is a joint listing of two antiviral treatment schemes for hepatitis C, Obipali tablets and Dasebvir sodium tablets, which is called "3D scheme". It is used to treat adult chronic hepatitis C with genotype 1, and the course of treatment can be as short as 12 weeks. It took only 6.5 months from listing to approval, and 2 months from approval to listing. At present, patients in Shanghai, Beijing and Zhejiang have enjoyed the drug. It is reported that another heavy hepatitis C pan-gene product of AbbVie has been approved for listing in the United States, the European Union and Japan, and the course of treatment has been shortened to 8 weeks. In the future, AbbVie will promote the listing of this innovative drug in China.

In September 2017, Gilead’s hepatitis C drug sofebuvir was also approved for listing by CFDA. So far, in the field of direct oral anti-hepatitis C virus (DAA) treatment, there has been a situation of direct competition among four multinational pharmaceutical companies, namely cimetivir from Johnson & Johnson, daratavir+Ashurivir from BMS, Obpari+Dasebuvir Sodium Tablets from Abbey and Sofibuvir from Gilead. In local enterprises, Geli’s Dannuo Ruiwei is also listed soon, and a number of enterprises are eyeing it. It can be seen that the competition in this field is fierce.

Among the 20 imported innovative drugs to be approved in the future, navuzumab from BMS is worthy of attention. This is the first PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody approved for marketing in the world, and the first PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody applied in China when it was submitted. It has been approved for 9 indications in the United States.

Levatinib from Weicai Company has been approved for the treatment of refractory thyroid cancer in more than 50 countries or regions, and it has been approved for the second-line treatment of renal cell carcinoma in more than 40 countries in combination with everolimus. The indication for this application in China is hepatocellular carcinoma.

There is also Amgen’s world’s first CGRP monoclonal antibody Eloizumab injection, which is used to prevent migraine. Some analysts predict that it can achieve annual sales of up to $12.5 billion worldwide. Olapali from AstraZeneca is the first PARP inhibitor listed in the world, and Lydiparvid/Sorobupvir from Gilead is a daily compound single-chip cocktail therapy … …

Part of the data in this paper comes from GBI Health report "Summary of New Drug Evaluation in 2017" by Deng Gaifang.

The quality and efficiency of public security investigation, prosecution and handling cases have been improved

Xiamen, Fujian: Promoting the mechanism of investigation supervision and cooperation in an all-round way has achieved results.

"The organization is fully established, the mechanism is signed in plenary session, and the work is fully implemented!" In January this year, with the official unveiling of the Office of Investigation, Supervision and Cooperation of Xiamen Procuratorate and the Municipal Public Security Bureau, Xiamen took the lead in realizing the full coverage of investigation, supervision and cooperation offices at the city and county levels in the province.

Since the establishment of the organization and the operation of the mechanism, both the procuratorate and the police in Xiamen have been working in the opposite direction, making full efforts, cultivating the judicial concept of "handling cases under supervision and supervising in handling cases", and the quality and efficiency of procuratorial handling and public security investigation have been improved simultaneously due to better supervision and closer cooperation.

Institutions keep pace with the system to ensure standardized and efficient work.

One point for deployment and nine points for implementation.

After the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security issued the Opinions on Perfecting the Mechanism of Investigation Supervision and Cooperation, Xiamen Procuratorate and the Municipal Public Security Bureau held many discussions and jointly signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Strengthening and Perfecting the Mechanism of Investigation Supervision and Cooperation, and reached an agreement on working principles, responsibilities and tasks, mechanism construction and information sharing. The two levels of procuratorates in Xiamen have been rapidly linked and promoted, actively strengthening communication and convergence with public security organs at the same level, and comprehensively promoting institutional establishment and system construction. The procuratorial organs in Xiamen took the lead in realizing the full coverage of investigation, supervision and cooperation offices at the city and county levels and the full implementation of document countersigning.

It is understood that the Xiamen Municipal Procuratorate and the Municipal Public Security Bureau have established a regular monthly notification system, and the legal documents related to procuratorial supervision carried out by the procuratorial organs in the city have been transferred to the public security organs simultaneously, and the public security organs have promptly corrected and rectified the existing law enforcement problems to further improve the level of law enforcement and case handling. In the first quarter of this year, the hospital has transferred 14 notices to correct violations, 7 procuratorial suggestions to correct violations, and 10 legal documents to supervise the filing and 4 legal documents to supervise the withdrawal.

The Huli District Procuratorate of Xiamen discussed with the public security organs at the same level to establish a mechanism for linking up the investigation, arrest and prosecution of major criminal cases, and signed seven documents, including the Measures for Linking Up the Investigation, Arrest and Prosecution of Major Complex and Sensitive Criminal Cases (Trial) and the Memorandum on Linking Up the Handling of Criminal Cases in Free Trade Zone, to implement the mechanism of "monthly analysis, quarterly summary and annual report" for supervision, and to build a modular integrated system of criminal prosecution services based on the "effectiveness list" and "negative list".

Handling the case of six people, including Xu, suspected of illegally transporting explosives is an effective practice for Huli District Procuratorate to use the linkage mechanism of investigation, arrest and prosecution of major criminal cases. The hospital intervened in the case handling in advance at the first time, put forward investigation opinions on the identification and risk evaluation of the items involved, and greatly improved the quality and efficiency of handling cases through the mechanism of linking investigation, arrest and prosecution. In the end, the hospital prosecuted six people, including Xu, for endangering public safety by dangerous means. It took only 18 days from arrest to prosecution, providing judicial guarantee for port safety and economic development.

Pay equal attention to supervision and cooperation to improve the quality and efficiency of investigation work

In January this year, the Xiamen City Procuratorate received a letter from the public security organ, asking for early intervention in a series of cases of cross-border gambling crimes involving a large number of people and strong professionalism. A number of criminal suspects set up and run online casinos in partnership with overseas personnel, and recruited, organized, led and commanded gang members in China. By developing lower-level agents, lower-level agents developed gamblers to participate in gambling in casinos and make profits from them. In addition, the criminal suspect Xiang Mou, Chen Mou and others, by operating a gambling team, used illegal means to evade investigation and supervision, and participated in overseas online gambling for a long time.

Xiamen Procuratorate, together with jimei district Procuratorate and Tong ‘an District Procuratorate, intervened in advance, changed the way of marking papers in writing in the past, and directly stationed in the office of investigation supervision and cooperation, listened to the introduction of the case, reviewed the evidence of the case, participated in the discussion of the case, and put forward opinions in real time on the key points of evidence collection, procedural norms and the application of charges.

During the examination, the prosecutor found that the public security organs found a large number of criminal clues in handling cases, but only the crime of opening casinos was put on file for investigation, and there were cases of omission of charges. After reviewing and judging the clues and facts of all cases, the prosecutor supervised the public security organs to file a case for gambling crimes with large amount, long time, many participants and clear division of labor.

"As an online gambling crime case, this case has the characteristics of multiple levels, complex division of labor and wide distribution of personnel. Although hundreds of criminal suspects and gamblers have been seized, there are still many upstream and downstream criminal suspects who have not been seized. " In this regard, prosecutors screen verbal evidence, electronic data, transfer records and other evidence, and ask the public security organs to investigate and collect evidence from some people suspected of committing major crimes, so as to lay a solid foundation for pursuing and prosecuting crimes and ensure a comprehensive crackdown on crimes.

Under the coordination and promotion of the Office of Investigation Supervision and Cooperation, the cooperation between prosecutors and police in Xiamen is closer and the investigation supervision is more powerful. At present, in this series of cross-border gambling crimes involving hundreds of millions of yuan, the procuratorial organs have approved the arrest of 30 suspects, filed a case for supervision of an omitted gambling crime fact, and issued an Outline for Continuing Investigation and Evidence Collection, requiring people with clear identities to pursue online.

Empowering big data and building an online platform to improve the efficiency of cooperation between prosecutors and police

Since March this year, in order to reduce the impact of epidemic prevention and control on the cooperation between prosecutors and police, investigation and supervision, the Siming District Procuratorate of Xiamen has built an "online investigation, supervision and cooperation platform" based on the office of investigation and cooperation. Once the platform is completed, it will be put into use immediately, and it will be the first in the city to send prosecutors online and conduct case consultation with "zero contact".

On March 24th, both prosecutors and police in Siming District held an online consultation on a series of cases of the crime of stealing across the country (border). As soon as the high-definition camera was turned on, prosecutors and police officers were separated at both ends of the screen and quickly entered the working state. While listening to the police’s introduction of the investigation direction and work progress of the current case, several prosecutors read the case materials and raised questions from time to time, especially to discuss whether the relevant suspects in the series of cases constituted a crime and what kind of charges were applicable.

Siming District Procuratorate took the initiative to innovate intelligent procuratorial work, jointly established a remote trial and remote interrogation handling mechanism with the district court and Xiamen No.1 Detention Center, and improved the quality and efficiency of criminal procuratorial handling according to law, norms and efficiency through synchronous high-definition complete transmission technology of audio and video. Using big data analysis, Huli District Procuratorate screened out 10 crimes with high proportion of suspects not arrested, high rate of non-prosecution and high rate of investigation withdrawal, and issued a List of Offences Suggested that Businessmen Please Intervene in Advance to the public security organs, listing the types of key and difficult cases involved in guiding the investigation, which effectively improved the efficiency of cooperation between prosecutors and police.

Xiamen City Procuratorate and Xiamen City Public Security Bureau vigorously promote the inter-departmental big data collaborative case handling mechanism, make full use of big data, blockchain and other technologies, gradually promote cross-departmental big data collaborative case handling, realize online handling and circulation of cases, and promote the normalization, institutionalization and standardization of case information sharing. At the same time, improve and perfect the system and mechanism for the procuratorial organs to supervise the handling of cases and share the data with the public security organs, and gradually realize the two-way exchange and intercommunication of data.

According to reports, in the first quarter of this year, the two-level procuratorates in Xiamen continued to optimize the case quality evaluation index with the "case-to-piece ratio" as the core by implementing the work requirement of "every case must be supervised", corrected the violations, issued a Notice of Investigation and Supervision to urge the implementation of rectification, intervened in 72 major and complicated cases in advance, conducted 289 people’s detention necessity review, and decided or suggested not to detain 68 people after review.

(Reporter Zhang Renping   Correspondent Chen Songshu)

　　CCTV News:At the press conference on January 14th, experts from China CDC introduced that the southern provinces of China have entered this influenza epidemic season since early October 2023 and the northern provinces since late October 2023. In the early stage, influenza A (H3N2) virus was the main epidemic strain. Recently, with the increase of the proportion of influenza B virus, the proportion of influenza B virus in some provinces exceeded that of influenza A virus. It is suggested that high-risk people should be vaccinated as soon as possible.

　　Wang Dayan, Director of National Influenza Center, Institute of Virology, China CDC:In the past three weeks, the proportion of influenza B virus in southern provinces continued to rise to 36.8%, and in the past five weeks, the proportion of influenza B virus in northern provinces continued to rise to 57.7%, and the proportion of influenza B virus in some provinces exceeded that of influenza A virus.

　　Influenza A and B viruses are distinguished by the sequence characteristics of their genes and proteins, and the seasonal influenza caused by them is difficult to distinguish in clinical symptoms. Distinguishing and identifying influenza A virus or influenza B virus depends on pathogen typing detection, such as nucleic acid detection and antigen detection. In the same influenza epidemic season, there are usually different types and subtypes of influenza viruses, but the proportion is different. The immune response after getting influenza A cannot provide immune protection for influenza B. In other words, even if you have had influenza A in this epidemic season, you may be infected with influenza B virus again.

　　At present, influenza vaccine contains influenza A (H1N1) subtype, influenza A (H3N2) subtype and influenza B. It is suggested that high-risk people should be vaccinated as early as possible every year.

　　Different respiratory pathogens have no cross-immunity.

　　In response to a reporter’s question, will there be repeated infection after getting respiratory diseases such as influenza A or B? Will repeated infection aggravate the condition? Relevant experts answered this question in detail at the press conference.

　　Wang Guiqiang, Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Peking University First Hospital:Winter is the season with frequent respiratory diseases, including influenza (influenza A, influenza B), Covid-19, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and mycoplasma, etc. The immunity established by these pathogens is not lasting and can be repeatedly infected. These pathogens have no cross-protective immunity and can be infected simultaneously or alternately.

　　The same pathogen is repeatedly infected in a short time, and the disease is often milder because the immunity established by infection still exists. However, when different pathogens are infected at the same time, the disease may worsen, the respiratory immune barrier will be damaged after infection, and the risk of bacterial infection will increase, especially for the elderly, children and patients with basic diseases.

　　In the case of common respiratory infectious diseases, we suggest that everyone should do personal protection. If there are some symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, differential diagnosis should be made in time.